From plankton to tuna: How Super El Niño upends marine ecosystems

Super El Niño events are among the most disruptive climate anomalies of the modern era, with profound effects on marine ecosystems and fisheries worldwide. While the impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles are well documented, Super El Niño magnifies ecological disruptions, undermining food security, livelihoods and economic stability in coastal and island nations. This