EXPLAINER: Why some don’t realize they’re ‘fools, incompetent’

With the Philippines’ rough political landscape, the Dunning-Krugger effect has never been more visible—people with only a little grasp of governance, history, or policy often rise above the rest, stating their convictions with a confidence that overshadows those who really know better. As pointed out by the mental health website VeryWell Mind, “the fool is