Beyond crop losses: Super El Niño and the ‘hidden hunger’ risk

The immediate impacts of Super El Niño events on agriculture and water resources are well documented. But the “hidden hunger” scenario—driven by less-visible consequences on food quality, dietary imbalances, microbial risks, public health crises and environmental pollution—remains underexplored. This paper examines these overlooked dimensions, including the cascading effects of Super El Niño on food production,